ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) on cardiac function and nucleotide like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Sixty healthy SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (sham group), myocardial I/R group (IR group), myocardial I/R + normal saline group (IR+ NS group), and myocardial I/R + SCGB group (IR+ SCGB group). Myocardial I/R model was developed by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 45 min followed by restoration of blood flow in anesthetized aninals. IR+ SCGB group received SCGB (0.25% ropivacaine 0.1 ml) at 10 min before reperfusion once a day for 2 consecutive weeks, while 0.9% sodium chloride was given instead of ropivacaine in IR+ NS group. Blood samples were collected at 24 h and 14 days of reperfusion for determination of serum concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), troponin T (TnT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Echocardiography was performed before ischemia and at 14 days of reperfusion, and left ventricular short axis shortening rate (FS), ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output (CO) were measured. The rats were sacrificed at 14 days of reperfusion and the hearts were taken for determination of the contents of norepinephrine (NE) in myocardial tissues in the infarction area (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), percentage of myocardial fibrosis area (by Masson staining), M1 macrophage marker CD68 + cell count in the infarction area (by immunohistochemical method), and expression of NLRP3 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in myocardial tissues (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the serum concentrations of TnT, TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-1β, percentage of myocardial fibrosis area, and NE levels in serum and myocardial tissues were significantly increased, the expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD in myocardial tissues was up-regulated, CD68 + cell count was increased, and EF, CO and FS were decreased in IR group ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, the serum concentrations of TnT, TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-1β, percentage of myocardial fibrosis area, and NE levels in serum and myocardial tissues were significantly decreased, the expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, CD68 + cell count was decreased, and EF, CO and FS were increased in IR+ SCGB group ( P<0.05), and no statistically significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in IR+ NS group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:SCGB can improve the cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial I/R, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the relationship between inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS) and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), and explore its mechanism of action in DEACMP.Methods:This study was designed as prospective cohort study. Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning who met the diagnostic criteria and were admitted to Emergency Intensive Care Unit(EICU) of our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into the DEACMP group and non-DEACMP group according to the occurrence of DEACMP. Serum samples were collected on the first 24 h after admission and on day 7 and 14 after admission, and the serum nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the difference of NO, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients.Results:A total of 78 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning were included in our study finally, including 49 (62.82%) males and 29 (37.18%) females, with an average age of (53.96±14.95) years, 20 (25.64%) patients with DEACMP, and 1 (1.28%) death. Univariate analysis showed that patients with DEACMP had an average increase of 3 h (95% CI: 1.00, 5.00) in carbon monoxide exposure time and a 5-point decrease in GCS score (95% CI: 1.00, 6.00) than the patients without DEACMP, and the proportion of patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning in the DEACMP group was higher than that of the non-DEACMP group (90.00% vs. 32.76%). According to the analysis of generalized estimation equation, on day 7 and 14 after admission, Compared with non-DEACMP patients, neither by performing unadjusted nor adjusted analysis with the iNOS of DEACMP patients was significantly higher than that in non-DEACMP patients regardless of whether exposure time, GCS score, coma time or severity of carbon monoxide poisoning were adjusted or not ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). Except for the level of nNOS in the GEE model adjusted with carbon monoxide exposure time, the levels of NO, nNOS and eNOS showed no significant difference between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients ( P >0.05). Conclusions:The expression of iNOS level is increased in DEACMP patients, and its continuous expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of DEACMP.
ABSTRACT
Objective To find out the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Harbin and provide scientific evidences for development of countermeasures.Methods The brucellosis surveillance data were collected from the "National Diseases Surveillance Information Management System" and the municipal surveillance results from 2013 to 2017 in Harbin;the place,time and population distribution characteristics of brucellosis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 2 909 cases of brucellosis were reported in Harbin from 2013 to 2017,and the incidence of brucellosis declined from 5.98 per 100 000 to 4.53 per 100 000,the epidemic situation was mainly sporadic,and an outbreak caused by a live Brucella vaccine (A19 strain) was reported in 2017;all eighteen districts (counties or cities) in Harbin had reported epidemic in the past five years,Shuangcheng,Yilan,Binxian and Bayan had a large number of cases,accounted for 53.76％ (1 564/2 909) of the total number of patients in Harbin;the time of onset focused on March to July,which accounted for 57.17％ (1 663/2 909) of annual incidence;age distribution,mainly young adults aged 30 to 59,accounted for 72.57％ (2 111/2 909);gender distribution predominandy male,accounted for 75.42％ (2 194/2 909);and occupational distribution predominantly farmers,accounted for 86.28％ (2 510/2 909).In the municipal surveillance stations from 2013 to 2017,7 005 cases were surveyed,of which 2 141 cases received serological test,the positive rate was 3.32％ (71/2 141),except 2016,the serum positive rate was decreasing year by year (x2 =13.927,P ＜ 0.05),and the monitoring results of municipal monitoring stations can better reflect the epidemic trend.Conclusions The incidence of brucellosis in Harbin is decreasing year by year.However,the outbreak caused by the new vaccines should be given high attention and we should strengthen prevention and control of the disease.